Friendship The Importance of Trust Essay - 1744 Words

Friendship is a necessary aspect of every human’s life, as we are not self sufficient in and of ourselves (Other Selves, pg. 30). Despite its necessity, in some cases we are either forced or morally required to end relationships. When the trust between two parties has been broken, the loyalty of the friendship is soiled, and it is therefore a true and just action to end the friendship. First, let’s define what it means to be a friend. Friends can be described as: â€Å"an intimate associate, reliable, one who is not an enemy or foe, an ally, etc† (Webster’s, pg. 540). Thus, based upon the definition of a friend, we can assert that friends should not betray one another, regardless of the circumstance. This is true, if and only if, it is in†¦show more content†¦Therefore, it is true that we can have friendships with a varying degree of loyalty and trust. Each friendship takes on its own uniqueness and attributes that can be labeled as one of the following: friendships of utility, pleasure, and character. Friendships of utility are those relationships in which we make use of that friend because they provide the means to an effective service, that we don’t possess. In friendships of utility there is generally a minimal amount of loyalty. For example, you know Joe only because he’s your mechanic, and you trust that he will repair your car. You are also loyal to him, in that you’re a return customer, but if he is going out of business and wants to barrow $20,000 to restart Joes’ Car Shop, your most likely not going to just hand the money over to him keeping that â€Å"firm belief or confidence in the honesty, integrity, ‘and’ reliability† of Joe (Webster’s, pg. 1436). In many circumstances this individual is our friend solely because of the effective service they provide, but there are also conditions in which friendships of utility can also be pleasurable. If you enjoy the person more than you enjoy the service they are perform ing, it then becomes a friendship of pleasure. Friendships of pleasure are relationships in which we enjoy the pleasure derived from that companion. It may be thatShow MoreRelatedThe Friendship By Albert Camus1231 Words   |  5 Pagesothers are just made of affection and belongingness with another people. Friendship is also one of those relationships. It does not matter it is a blood relation, but this bond is made of true feelings between them. Sometimes even precious friendships are broken for many reasons, few times there are misunderstandings about the meaning of friendship. Also, it is broken other times for some genuine reasons and breakup the friendship. 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In every society in the world people have and follow this relationship and support it. In some societies this relationship is given more importance than others. In our society friends are given almost the same attention as ones family member. Family is the closest relationship a person has, and if that is disturbed a friend can be very helpful. During the development of a friendship inRead More Somewhere Out There Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesfactual, blissful, emotionally stable, and have a unique bond. A friend â€Å"for a lifetime† provides respect, integrity, loyalty, and honesty in a relationship. Respect is a quality in which one views others in high regard. One shares respect in a friendship. To gain one’s respect, one should show respect for others. For instance, if the respect is not mutual the relationship will not have an assured outcome. A friend is respectful when one is content to be oneself. The amount of respect will neverRead MoreMarcus Tullius Ciceros On Friendship : The Value Of Friendship1024 Words   |  5 Pageswould we define the term friendship? Most would define it as a bond created based upon mutual trust and support. With that one must ask themselves: Can a friendship prosper without the act of being truthful and obeying the duty of friendly correction? The answer is No. Marcus Tullius Cicero wrote a text on friendship. Cicero established a model for Latin prose; his surviving works include speeches, treatises on rhetoric, philosophical works, and letters. His text on friendship outlines all of the great

Food and Beverage Control System Free Essays

LABORATORY MANUAL Food and Beverage Control System Laboratory Activity No. ___ MAKING A SALES FORECAST Objectives: * To be able to know the future sales of the restaurant * | Materials to be used: Paper Pen Calculator Procedures: 1. Read and analyze the stated assumptions. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Beverage Control System or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Supply the data needed for the percentage increase for the forecast 2013. 3. To get the forecasted actual covers, multiply the total covers for each month of 2012 to the assumed percentage increase. 4. To get the forecasted average check, multiply the average check for each month of 2012 to the assumed percentage increase. 5. Then, get the sales forecast for 2013 by multiplying the forecasted total covers to the forecasted average check. Instructions: Make a 2013 sales forecast for KSP Bar and Grill using the following data and assumptions. KSP Bar and Grill, a food outlet with 200 seating capacity, generated the following revenue in the year 2012. Make a sales forecast for year 2013, working on the following assumptions: 1. There is an expected fifty percent (50%) increase of patronage in the month of February because the food outlet will come out with special promotions on Valentine’s Day (February 14) and Chinese Year (also in the month of February). For November 2013, the projected increase in covers is 40% and 50% by the month of December. 2. With better products, intensive promotions and improved services, 20% increase in covers for 2013 is expected. 3. Because of the upgraded menus, prices will increase by 18% for 2013. | SALES 2012| Months| Total Covers| Average Check| Total FB Revenue| January| 13,020| P 247. 25| P 3,219,195| February| 19,500| P 253| P 4,933,500| March| 17,250| P 250. 70| P 4,324,575| April| 12,840| P 258. 75| P 3,322,350| May| 12,000| P 255. 30| P 3,063,600| June| 9,600| P 224. 25| P 2,152,800| July| 9,000| P 227. 70| P 2,049,300| August| 7,200| P 224. 25| P 1,614,600| September| 12,960| P 232. 30| P 3,010,608| October| 13,440| P 242. 20| P 3,523,968| November| 14,640| P 270. 25| P 3,956,460| December| 20,250| P 276| P 5,589,000| | | | P 40,759,956| SALES 2013| Covers| Average Check| Sales in Pesos| Month| % increase| Quantity| % increase| Amount in pesos| | January| | | | | | February| | | | | | March| | | | | | April| | | | | | May| | | | | | June| | | | | | July| | | | | | August| | | | | | September| | | | | | October| | | | | | November| | | | | | December| | | | | | | | | | | | Laboratory Activity No. _______ PREPARING A BUDGET WORKSHEET Objectives:| Materials to be used: Pen Paper Calcu lator Procedures: 1. Read and analyze the problem. 2. Supply the data needed on revenue for the sales distribution. 3. Divide the revenue of food sales and beverage sales by the total sales to get the ratio of sales over gross sales. 4. Supply the data needed on cost ratio to sales on budget distribution. 5. Multiply the revenue of food sales and beverage sales by the cost ratio to sales to get the budget needed. 6. Supply the data needed on cost ratio to sales on budget allocation from the given data. 7. Multiply the total sales by the cost ratio to sales to get the budget needed for the breakdown of budget allocation. Prepare a budget worksheet for KSP Coffee Shop for the month of August. Assume a sales forecast of P2,890,000 with P890,000 beverage sales and P2,000,000 food sales. Use 38% cost ratio to sales for food cost and 20% cost ratio to sales for beverage cost. Use the following budget allocation: Food/Beverage cost (Cost of Sales) ——————————— 35% Labor cost and employee benefits ———————————– 20% Direct operating expenses ——————————————– 4 % Utilities —————————————————————— 5% Rental/Amortization ————————————————— % Advertising â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- 1 % Repairs and Maintenance ——————————————– 1% Taxes ——————————————————————— 1% Insurance —————————————————————- 2% Depreciation cost —————————————————— 2% Administrative/General expenses ———————————— 3 % Profit â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ 18% Total ——————————————————-100% BUDGET WORKSHEET SALES DISTRIBUTION| Source| Revenue| Ratio of Sales Over Gross Sales| Food Sales| | | Beverage Sales| | | Total Sales| | | BUDGET DISTRIBUTION| Budget Items| Budget in Pesos| (Cost Ratio to Sales)| A. Food Cost| | | B. Beverage Cost| | | BREAKDOWN OF BUDGET ALLOCATION| 1. Cost of sales (combined food and beverage)| | | 2. Labor cost and employee benefits| | | 3. Direct Operating Expenses (supplies, materials, etc. )| | | 4. Rental| | | 5. Administrative expenses| | | 6. Amortization for loan| | | 7. Utilities| | | . Repairs and Maintenance| | | 9. Insurance| | | 10. Depreciation| | | 11. Others – ads, etc| | | Total Budget for Expenses| | | Profit| | | Total| | | Laboratory Activity No. ________ RECIPE COSTING AND PRICE DETERMINATION Objectives:| Materials to be used: Pen Paper Calculator Procedures: The recipe indicates the following ingredients for the preparation of the dish RIB ROAST ROYALEYield: 4 portions Ingredients: 450 grams trimmed US prime rib2 piec es baked potatoes 200 grams fresh butter (1 block)2 pieces dinner rolls 0 grams chives2 portions butter 15 grams tarragon leaves2 portions bottled 40 grams parsley40 grams salt Price list: US prime ribP460. 00 Magnolia fresh butter (1 block)P 24. 00 Refined salt (kilo)P 30. 00 Buttered vegetables (portion)P 4. 00 Chives(kilo)P 30. 00 Portion butter (piece)P 5. 90 Tarragon leaves (bottle of 10 grams)P 25. 00 Parsley (kilo)P 85. 00 Recipe cost: Baked potatoesP 5. 00 Rolls (piece)P 2. 00 Total cost and selling price after getting saleable weight | | Standard Yield| Adjusted Yield| Items| Unit/Size (UOM)| Portion/Size| Unit Cost| Cost| Portion/Size| Cost| US prime rib| | | | | | | fresh butter| | | | | | | chives| | | | | | | tarragon leaves| | | | | | | parsley| | | | | | | baked potatoes| | | | | | | dinner rolls| | | | | | | butter| | | | | | | Buttered vegetables| | | | | | | salt| | | | | | | Total| | | | | | | Buffer margin (10%)| | | | | | | Cost/serving| | | | | | | Selling pric e| | | | | | | Food Cost %| | | | | | | How to cite Food and Beverage Control System, Essay examples

Criminal Law Constable Tretiak

Question: Discuss about theCriminal Lawfor Constable Tretiak. Answer: Analysis of Lawful Conduct by Constable Tretiak Prior to the Arrest of Bobby Clarke According to the regulations of Criminal Code under section 495, a peace office is entitled to arrest without having warrant if the officer suspects that the person had committed an offence on the reasonable grounds. Besides, the officer is entitled to conduct search procedure on reasonable grounds as well as in the interest of state law enforcement together by maintaining the interest of privacy of the suspecting persons (laws-lois.justice.gc.ca, 2017). In the present case, Constable Tretiak conducted search procedure on the computer for Bobby Clarke suspecting that the person was carrying some controlled substance with the cigarette believed to be harmful and offensive. Suspecting the possession of controlled substance by the individual, the officer asked the person to provide necessary details for identification and confiscated the cigarette (MacKay Phillips, 2016). The person provided his name, date of birth and prior address which was searched and checked by the officer on computer. Hence, as per criminal code, the search prior to the arrest of Bobby was lawful since it was a reasonable search under offensive suspicion. Analysis of Arrest of Accused Based on the Interim Release Regulations of section 524 under criminal code states the officer is entitled to arrest an accused without warrant if he reasonably believes that the person has contravened any summons or possesses some illegal substance (laws-lois.justice.gc.ca, 2017). Accordingly, in the present case, officer suspected that Bobby possessed controlled substance, which is an illegal material that may be harmful for the interest of society. Therefore, the officer has the authority to arrest the accused before conducting computer checks as per the regulations of section 524(2). Besides, if the officer conducts computer checks then the officer may have the right to arrest the accused by issuing warrant for possessing illegal substance while the officer has the permission to retain the accused for presenting before court. Laying of Charges on the Accused As per the regulations contained in section 6 of criminal code for controlled drugs and substances act, a person can be charged with the following the charges: Actual or personal possession Constructive possession and Joint possession In the given situation, officer found that possession of controlled substance by Bobby was together with his friend, Wayne. Therefore charges on actual possession (already laid by the officer) since Bobby was possessing and believed to be aware of the fact. Additionally, constructive possession charges will be applicable as the accused had knowledge, intention and control over the substance (MacKay Phillips, 2016). As the material was possessed together with the person Wayne, the officer will also lay joint possession charges. Such charges would not make any difference for the answer of question 2. Classification of Offences, Release Prior to the Trial 41 Division is a facility contains central lockup for the detained individuals to be presented at court that consists of provincial and municipal courts. Accordingly, Bobby will be detained in the lockup until he is presented at the court for trials. With respect to the possible release at 41 Division or at a Court, Bobby will be released if the arrest had been made without warrant (laws-lois.justice.gc.ca, 2017). Moreover, if the judge is not able to provide order for detaining the accused in accordance with section 524(4) and there are certain provisions applicable in accordance with the section 517, 518 and 519 under modification for circumstances then Bobby might get release order. If the Constable Tretiak laid additional charges, there would not be any difference since release option is available if the arrest had been made without warrant. Analysis ofSpecific Offences Constable Tretaik might have laid the charges of constructive possession and joint possession on Wayne since Wayne was aware of possession of illegal substance and he was also associated jointly for possession of marijuana cigarettes as controlled substance. It was observed that Wayne also had the knowledge on acquisition of controlled substance carried by Bobby. On the contrary, officer may also lay a charge for actual possession of illegal substance by Wayne even though he carried it on behalf of Bobby under section 6 (MacKay Phillips, 2016). Reference List laws-lois.justice.gc.ca,. (2017). Justice Laws Website - Site Web de la lgislation (Justice). Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 6 February 2017, from https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca MacKay, R., Phillips, K. (2016). The Legal Regulation of Marijuana in Canada and Selected Other Countries.

Marketing the $100 Laptop free essay sample

I. Central Problem/Issue OLPC/Negropante needs to reach five million minimum laptop orders before starting production or else the cost of producing the laptops would be exorbitant. Although there have been six million purchase orders from various countries there are still no firm deals in place (i. e. no deposits, etc. ). The new concept of the laptop as revolutionary teaching tool that Negropante espouses, one that is child-centric, that allows children to play and build without restrictions (of Microsoft’s suite of software) must also be proven in order for the project to gain more acceptance as an educational laptop of choice. II. SWOT analysis The organization’s internal Strengths product’s strengths include the following: 1. The company’s founder is a successful VC who is well known for being a social entrepreneur has connections and is considered a favoured figure amongst national leaders whose motives are less likely questioned. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing the 0 Laptop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. OLPC as a non-profit organization/project, created to champion the human right of primary education, is admired and trusted by many and is seen as an entity driven to really help and not just out to make profits. . Strongly backed up and supported and even funded by various international organizations and technology companies including: UN, AMD, Google, Red Hat, Brightstar, Marvell, eBay New Corphas strengthens its credibility and ability to innovate. 4. First-mover advantage in introducing a low-priced laptop. 5. The $ 100 laptop has the lowest price in the low-priced category of laptops and is therefore the most affordable. 6. Technical aspects of design that provided the laptop a competitive edge, thanks to the global design contributors brought about the computer’s attractive features: light-weight, built-in Wi-fi connectivity, router/connection device, rugged/tough, low-power LCD screen processor LiPeFo4 batteries (less toxic). 7. On the manufacturing side, OLPC is assured by Quanta to produce a million laptops per month, this quick production is quite amazing considering that the global production of laptops totals only 5 million units per month. While its Weaknesses are as follows: 1. In the technology industry, the first-mover advantage does not last long. OLPC needs to act fast and start producing the laptops before competition starts learning from their mistakes and can eventually overtake them. 2. The laptop has no global brand recognition unlike most of its competitors who are established seasoned players in the industry. 3. The low-pricing strategy might send out wrong signals that the quality of the laptop is inferior and substandard. . Supplier power is very strong given that they do not have a well established supply chain, a single unit needing to source out 800 parts from multiple suppliers. 5. The $200-250 million per nation investment scheme is an exorbitant amount most especially for developing countries. An external analysis of the industry shows the below Opportunities: 1. Estimate of worldwide PC usage is 1 billion (in 2008) which will double by 2015, the bulk of growth expected in the BRIC countries. 2. Broad worldwide consensus that education especially through technology would alleviate hardship in developing countries. and its Threats: 1. Reports of some US schools that laptops are instead becoming distractions and that they have found no evidence in increased improvements of students is an alarming and valid concern that can stop the OLPC project. 2. Prevailing perception that developing nations should first address issues of more basic necessities such as food, shelter, electricity and health; therefore, funds should be focused here instead of being funnelled to education and/or technology. . Aside from having limited funds, governments of developing countries are well known as being highly bureaucratic and have as stated in the case a fickle nature; therefore, negotiations may never finish or may take a long time to conclude. 4. Most jobs require MS Office know-how, this can become a hindrance considering the paradigm shift away from â€Å"Wintel† that Negroponte is pu tting forward. III. Options Based on the SWOT identified above, the following strategies or options can be undertaken: S-O Strategies Instead of just focusing on the millions of children of developing countries, OLPC can expand the project’s target market to include children from developed countries. There are after all richer countries that have disfranchised or marginalized sectors that live below the subsistence level, it may not be as significant as those present in the developing world, but they are there and they would benefit as well from OLPC’s project. The laptop’s educational benefits, its cost and energy saving features should be made available for everyone. Aside from education being a primary right the environmental benefits, energy-saving features of the laptop is significantly noteworthy as its environmental stress is far less than those of existing laptop technology. In increasing its global scope, economies of scale needed in lessening the laptop’s production cost can be achieved. (S3, S5, S6, S7, O1) * There are a number of non-profit international organizations out there that have grassroots orientation, such as World Vision (to name a few), that can help and be a leading proponent in endorsing and verifying the benefits and/or positive effects of the XO laptop in the school room. Developing these joint ventures or tie-ups can increase the credibility of the laptop as a much more viable educational tool, a better way akin a constructionist approach. (O2, S2, S6) S-T Strategies * Adding or stressing on a social responsibility angle can pressure governments to act post haste. Add here wide media exposure that can clearly display or heighten the urgency of the advocacy, where a huge number of participant cooperation is needed in order for the project to fly and commence production and start benefiting its end users. By publicly announcing commitments, backing out at the last minute would be thought of twice, thrice, a thousand times, as this will be greatly frowned upon by the global community. (S1, S2, S3, S5, T3) * Continue to leverage on its image by building and strengthening partnerships in developing a comprehensive and sustainable plan that will integrate the educational and technological aspect of the OLPC project. The people at OLPC should work with other organizations and government entities and not act as a stand-alone entity in addressing the problems of poverty which is a multi-faceted issue. Just like the ugly heads of the famous Hydra monster of the Greek mythology, killing one head will not solve the problem but can even sprout more problems. Therefore addressing the problems simultaneously and in an integrated manner will produce the dreamed results. (S1, S2, S3, T2) W-O Strategies * As mentioned earlier, being the first-mover in the IT industry can at times be more of a bane instead of a boon and that followers more often times than not benefit more by learning from the mistakes of the leaders. Therefore, the entry strategy must be geared towards building aggressively. The attractiveness of the untapped market can be clearly seen as competitors make a mad dash to grab market share and within a year have Intel launching its Classmate PC, in India Enocre-Mobilis ASUS with its EeePC. Tying this up with the initial strategies above and the one just mentioned (i. e. widening target market, tie-ups joint ventures) a tweak in the business model can also be done. By applying price discrimination, the cost of units for developing countries can be subsidized by the higher priced units sold to developed countries. This in turn will have a domino effect and can help lessen the minimum investment requirement of 1M computers per country which as mentioned in the case can reach as much as a $200-250 million investment. (O1, O2, W1, W4, W5) W-T Strategies * Proof of concept – that paradigm shift into a more constructionist approach in teaching or child-centric approach is much more effective than a teacher-centric one must be investigated and proven. Quantifiable and qualitative assessment can be done in areas of pilot testing such Villa Cardal, which then should be shared to the global community. W2, W3, T1, T4) SWOT Analysis INTERNAL EXTERNAL | Strengths 1. Social entrepreneur 2. OLPC non-profit organization/project, 3. Backed up and supported by international bodies IT companies credibility and ability to innovate. 4. First-mover advantage 5. Lowest price 6. Technical aspects 7. Assured quick production by Quanta| Weaknesses 1. Technology industry first-mover 2. N o global brand recognition 3. Pricing signals 4. Supplier power is very strong 5. 1 million units ($200-250 million) per nation investment scheme | Opportunities 1. Estimate of worldwide PC usage is 1 billion (in 2008) which will double by 2015, the bulk of growth expected in the BRIC countries. 2. worldwide consensus that education would alleviate hardship in developing countries. | S-O Strategies * expand target market to achieve economies of scale (S3, S5, S6, S7, O1) * joint venture tie-ups with like-minded international orgs that have grassroots orientation i. e. World Vision (O2, S2, S6)| W-O Strategies * build aggressively price discrimination for subsidy which can then lessen the minimum investment on 1M computers(O1, O2, W1, W4, W5) | Threats 1. Laptops are distractions 2. address issues of more basic necessities first 3. governments bureaucratic and fickle 4. MS office as a requirement for many jobs| S-T Strategies * Leverage on social responsibility (S1, S2, S5, T3) * partnership tie-ups for a more comprehensive and sustainable plan (S1, S2, S3, T2) * high media exposure (S1, S2, S3, T3)| W-T Strategies * proof of concept – proposed paradigm shift where a more constructionist approach in teaching or child-centric approach is much more effective than a teacher-centric one (W2, W3, T1, T4)| IV. Recommendation OLPC and Nicholas Negroponte’s social venture is two-fold in nature. Hinge in a dream which that they want to make reality: (1) education through laptops made very affordable and accessible to a greater number of people in the bottom of the pyramid and (2) to allow the incoming generations to break free from the â€Å"Wintel† monopoly which he deems dampens and restricts creativity of the learning process. It may have been unintentional but because of their existence, laptop prices have taken a dive as new models have been created and have been made more affordable by a number of technology companies. In the first goal they have somewhat succeeded. But hitting the target $100 price tag is still unreachable unless economies of scale can be employed. In order to achieve this, targeting a wider diverse market is needed. The use of price discrimination can also help in that higher priced units sold in developed countries can subsidize laptop units to be distributed in developing countries. Since OLPC directly and firstly have to deal with governments they must find means and ways to manoeuvre in their bureaucratic and fickle nature. Bringing in wide media exposure can help hasten and stress the urgency of the project plus influence and pressure governments to commit fully. Alternatives must also be proposed in terms of investment plans. Given the limited financial resources of developing countries, investment of one million laptops at a time per country must be made more flexible and should not be set in stone; i. e. allowances for lesser amounts of investment to fit respective government’s budgets. On the other hand, the 2nd goal is still far from ever being reached unless the strategies stated in the options part above are undertaken. A repositioning or refocus of the value proposition from price to and educational tool of choice must obviously be carried out. This differentiation will obviously be attacked by competitors. Therefore, in order to counter this and have a wider acceptance, proof of concept, tie-ups, etc must be embarked upon. V. Plan of action (tactical) Given the 1M at a time investment, a minimum of 5 countries must fully commit in order to surpass the five million units minimum order requirement. Applying the above recommendation of flexibility, say 50% of 1M units or 500,000 laptops can be a much acceptable size of investment, and can be the difference that can make developing countries commit. If the above proposed change in strategy is still not enough to reach the 5 million units investment, expanding the target market or enlarging the scope of the laptop’s benefits can be carried out. Including even children of developed countries will bring about supplying a larger market base that will lead to the much needed economies of scale to start production. Opening up the technology to others aside from the developing countries and pricing the units at a higher price can also help finance fully or even partially those to be released in developing ones. For example, a laptop unit purchased in the U. S can be priced at a range of $300-400; the profit of $100-200 can then be subtracted to one unit sold in a developing country. In order to achieve the full aim of the program, that is to decrease and fight poverty n developing areas, a focus on a much more comprehensive and sustainable programs must be created in tandem with other organizations focused on other aspects of addressing poverty. To gain wider acceptance and credibility of the method of teaching with which the technology embedded in the laptop promotes, a proof of concept as suggested above must be done. Effects of improvements in academic performance must therefore be measured. This at the same time will serve as a shield or protection against attacks of competitors on the stren gth of the pursued advocacy.

How to Measure Volume and Density

How to Measure Volume and Density Archimedes needed to determine if a goldsmith had embezzled gold during the manufacture of the royal crown for King Hiero I of Syracuse. How would you find out if a crown was made of gold or a cheaper alloy? How would you know if the crown was a base metal with a golden exterior? Gold is a very heavy metal (even heavier than lead, though lead has a higher atomic weight), so one way to test the crown would be to determine its density (mass per unit volume). Archimedes could use scales to find the mass of the crown, but how would he find the volume? Melting the crown down to cast it into a cube or sphere would make for an easy calculation and an angry king. After pondering the problem, it occurred to Archimedes that he could calculate volume based on how much water the crown displaced. Technically, he didnt even need to weigh the crown, if he had access to the royal treasury since he could just compare the displacement of water by the crown with the displacement of water by an equal volume of the gold the smith was given to use. According to the story, once Archimedes hit upon the solution to his problem, he burst outside, naked, and ran through the streets yelling, Eureka! Eureka! Some of this might be fiction, but Archimedes idea to calculate the volume of an object and its density  if you know the objects weight was fact. For a small object, in the lab, the easiest way to do this is to partly fill a graduated cylinder large enough to contain the object with water (or some liquid in which the object wont dissolve). Record the volume of water. Add the object, being careful to eliminate air bubbles. Record the new volume. The volume of the object is the initial volume in the cylinder subtracted from the final volume. If you have the objects mass, its density is the mass divided by its volume. How to Do It at Home Most people dont keep graduated cylinders in their homes. The closest thing to it would be a liquid measuring cup, which will accomplish the same task, but with a lot less accuracy. There is another way to calculate volume using Archimedes displacement method. Partially fill a box or cylindrical container with liquid.Mark the initial liquid level on the outside of the container with a marker.Add the object.Mark the new liquid level.Measure the distance between the original and final liquid levels. If the container was rectangular or square, the volume of the object is the inside width of the container multiplied by the inside length of the container (both numbers are the same in a cube), multiplied by the distance the liquid was displaced (length x width x height volume). For a cylinder, measure the diameter of the circle inside the container. The radius of the cylinder is 1/2 the diameter. The volume of your object is pi (Ï€, ~3.14) multiplied by the square of the radius multiplied by the difference in liquid levels (Ï€r2h).

Edward Craven Walker and the History of Lava Lamps

Edward Craven Walker and the History of Lava Lamps Singapore-born inventor Edward Craven Walker was having a pint in post WWII England. The pubs decor included a fascinating lamp, which Craven Walker described as a contraption made out of a cocktail shaker, old tins and things. It was to become the starting point and inspiration for Craven Walkers design. Edward Craven Walker Designs the Modern Lava Lamp The liquid-filled inventor proceeded to purchase the equally liquid-filled lamp, whose creator (Mr. Dunnett) Walker later discovered had died. Walker became determined to make a better version of the novelty item and spent the next decade and a half doing so (in between running an international house-swap agency and making films about nudism.) Walker worked on improving the lamp with his company, the Crestworth Company of Dorset, England. Initially local retail merchants thought his lamps were ugly and disgusting. Luckily, for Craven Walker the Psychedelic Movement and the Love Generation came to dominate 60s merchandising in Great Britain and sales of the lava lamp soared. It was the perfect light for modern times, Walker declared: If you buy my lamp, you wont need to buy drugs. The Lava Lamp's Secret Recipe Edward Craven Walker perfected a secret Lava recipe of oil, wax, and other solids. The original model had a large gold base with tiny holes to simulate starlight, and a 52 oz globe that contained red or white Lava and yellow or blue liquid. He marketed the lamp in Europe under the name of Astro Lamp. Two American entrepreneurs saw the lava lamp displayed at a German trade show and bought the rights to manufacture the lava lamp in North America under the name Lava Lite Lamp. Lava Lamp Sales and Success Before selling his company, sales of the lamps had exceeded seven million units. Today with over 400,000 lava lamps made each year, the Lava Lamp is enjoying a comeback. Craven Walkers original  company, the Crestworth Company, changed names to Mathmos in 1995 (a reference to the bubbling force in Barbarella.) They still manufacture the Astro, Astro Baby, and more Lava Lamps in their original home of Poole, Dorset, UK. How the Basic Lava Lamp Works Base: Holds a 40 watt frosted appliance light bulb inside a reflecting cone. This cone rests on a second cone, which houses the light bulb socket and electrical cord connection. The electrical cord has a small in-line switch on it and a standard US 120v plug. Lamp: A glass container containing two fluids, called water and lava, both trade secrets. A metal cap seals the top of the lamp. There is a small amount of air at the very top of the lamp. Loose at the bottom of the lamp is a small coil of wire called the element. Top Cap: A small plastic cover over the top of the lamp which serves to both hide the lamps inner cap and the waterline. When turned off and cold, the lava is a hard lump at the bottom of the glass container and can barely be seen. The light bulb, when turned on, heats both the element and the lava. The lava expands with heat, becomes less dense than the water, and rises to the top. Away from the heat, the lava cools and becomes denser than the water and falls. The lava at the bottom reheats and begins to rise all over again and as long as the lamp is on, the lava keeps flowing in pleasing up-and-down waves. Initially lamps require a warm-up period of about 30 minutes to melt the lava before going into full motion. Todays modern lava lamps use Borosilicate glass that can withstand quick extremes in temperature.

Countries adopt a more liberal approach towards cannabis use Essay

Countries adopt a more liberal approach towards cannabis use - Essay Example To achieve this, I will follow a route map that includes three steps that involve showing the use of legislation in allowing cannabis use and the economic effects of policies about cannabis use. The third step involves showing how the nature of people has changed due to the new policies about cannabis use. In the recent past, some countries have started to change their policies about the cannabis use by legalizing cannabis use. Although different federal laws seek to control drug use, different states in U.S like Ohio and Columbia have legalized cannabis use leading to increased access, affordability, and consumption of cannabis (Marijuana Policy Project 1). Indeed, more people including students and juveniles are smoking cannabis, which defines the disadvantage of such policy in some countries or states. Two U.S states have legalized marijuana even as the House voted against the crackdown on medical cannabis. The legislation allowed patients and all adults to consume and grow cannabis in their neighborhoods, which increases the consumption of cannabis in America. As a result, cannabis is the most dominant drug in U.S with the United Nations claiming that about 4% of the global adult population smokes marijuana subject to the new legislations legalizing it (Beckley Foundation 1). Many people live in legalization states or travel to such states, which makes the society experience increased consumption of cannabis. The consumers equally ignore prices, which encourages juveniles and addicts to increase their consumption. Subject to its many uses, cannabis is one of the prominent plants and drugs in the world. By legalizing its consumption, the policy makers knew that such changes would enhance cannabis consumption, encourage more youths to start smoking it, and disregard the negative image that the public place on cannabis (Perkins 1). Subject to the increase in consumption, lack of crackdown on medicinal marijuana, the new

Marketing managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing managment - Assignment Example Each and every organization, today, give huge importance to marketing. Marketing of a restaurant is basically nothing but the marketing of the service of that restaurant. However, restaurant marketing is little more difficult as compared to any other organization or product as the restaurant industry is extremely competitive in nature. This paper is all about a new restaurant called ‘London dining Experience’ and various issues regarding marketing of this restaurant. The paper includes an in depth analysis of the marketing environment of the restaurant, the process and the reasons of segmentation of the market of ‘London dining experience’. Generally there are two distinct marketing environments that influence an organization. These are micro and macro environment. It is very important for any organization to analyze its marketing environment because marketing environment comprises of all those factors that have either direct or indirect influence on the organization. As far as ‘London Dining Experience’ is concerned, the restaurant is about to launch. As a result it needs to have clear understanding about its marketing environment. Like any other organization microenvironment of this restaurant would include its suppliers, competitors, customers and marketing intermediaries. On the other hand the macro environment of this restaurant is comprised of economics, demographics, nature, politics, culture and technology (University of London, n.d.). So, it can be stated that the marketing environment of this restaurant is the combination of all these factors. Proper analysis of all these factors would enable the organization to create and maintain healthy and effective relation with its suppliers and customers, to have clear idea what its competitors are currently doing, to clearly understand the current tastes, needs and wants of the customers and

Cyclermate Report Group Essay Example for Free

Cyclermate Report Group Essay Many striking features of Cyclermate Company are shown clearly through its expertise workforce. It has skillful engineers gathered together to meet the volume on time. Besides, the high quality of the hand-made product is another crucial reason making its business expand. In addition, the word-of-mouth reputation is another major factors help this business succeeds. Furthermore, it takes advantages of the relatively low prices of commercial and industrial property. B. WEAKNESSES It is obvious that shambolic production process has heavily damaged the sales and profits gained. Unsuitable roles and duties division can be blamed for this problem. Some have to manage so many duties and tasks while others own so much spare time. Furthermore, the aging workforce endangers the productivity level. Another obstacle worsens the condition is the weak  training system. Fred, who is 18 years old, is a new worker in the field so it takes so much time to train him which also harms the production recently. Also, old machinery such as traditional spaying technique, painting and low-quality stock control technology needs updating as soon as possible if the business hopes to improve the production and sales in the coming time. Moreover, decline in sales show that marketing strategy of this company has problems. Apparently, it should be considered to be changed to online selling or online promotion immediately because globalization is widespread and making use of cyberspace is not a bad idea at all, in fact, many companies mostly succeed thanks to effective marketing campaign and successful advertising methods. Traditional adverts on national papers are no longer popular in our modern times. Besides, the managerial system also has matters. The managerial system inside the company such as company cultures, employee behavior, etc requires strict control, however, Lewis Llewellyn focus more on production issues and Dai on external relations. Obviously, the company is in serious shortage of labor and executive managers. Lastly, financial matters such as loss of profitability and rising overdraft are causing bad reputation and rapid fall in the share price. C. OPPORTUNITIES The product they selected was a â€Å"traditional† upright cycle, following a design typical of the 1940’s and 1950’s which created a strong niche market for this such product and would be given the upsurge in interest in cycling and the increasing consumer interest in â€Å"retro† styles. Another opportunity is that there would be a strong growth in their business because of the decrease in the number of people using cars. The opportunity created from the meeting between Amstrong and Owen helps him to have some expertise in new technologies that might be an interesting way to develop product. The upcoming changes in human resource, followed by Mr Jones who interjected that the quality problems could probably all be solved if the directors would allow the employment of more staffs in the factory and the plans for future directions, including development of the product range, and the introduction of new ways of working, new materials and possible outsourcin g of manufacture parts of the product manufacture point out the new development of their business. D. THREATS It can be seen that the biggest trouble Cyclermate is facing is their bad credits toward the bank. In 2010, the business is in trouble, the demand keeps going down despite the price reduction. This significant decrease in sales together with the increase in costs may last for the coming year. Therefore, Cyclermate’s overdraft is now becoming the major concern of the bank manager. So far, it is not easy for them to borrow money and this cause a lot of problem especially when they really need money to save their business. Besides, they also need to deal with their sales. Their customers demand high quality products and to meet this, they have to upgrade their producing system which will cost a lot. But, as the fact that they almost depend on their world-of-mouth reputation so it may be completely strange and challenging for them at first. 2. PEST analysis A. POLITICAL FACTORS Strict safety standard and consumer protection laws are Cyclermate’s priority. By 2010, their products continuously cause accidents. Customers keep complaining about the quality and faults in the products. One even got risk and intends to sue the company due to an accident purportedly caused by incorrectly assembled front brake. These mistakes made Cyclermate become a target of health and safety agencies. They have to improve the quality or else they can be stuck in authorized issues. On the other hand, they also need to achieve higher standard in manufacturing to meet requirements of the market, especially foreign markets. B. ECONOMIC FACTORS In a condition of high petrol prices recent years, many entrepreneurs find difficulties in producing and running their own business. Electricity is not an exception. Moreover, with the high cost in during manufacturing such as materials, facilities, the cost of products in the market does not avoid increasing. That is also the essential reason explaining the consumption in the world is in downward trend High costs also influence on delivery of this company, it prevents to expand the brand name and products to customers who live far away. Furthermore, it also interfere the import or export process because of tax, and ship costs. Finally, after wasting much money to purchase materials, or investing facilities and technology, spending on  marketing or delivery and paying salaries for their workers, the last profits of Cyclermate Ltd cannot be good and high. If the sales of this company are not able to improve, the worst case will happen is to go bankrupt, seriously. Cyclermate Ltd receives high competition from market because many rivals open more and more factory to produce bicycles in England, such as Carrera, Charter Lea. The competitiveness is higher and higher when there are new styles, color and reasonable price from competitors. The customers have lots of choices to select and purchase a bicycle which is stylish and suitable price. Another factor in economics that affects to the development of Cyclermate Ltd is labor. The unemployment rate is increasing, therefore, this is a good chance for this company to choose worker more easily, and employ them easily with affordable price. C. SOCIAL FACTORS High-speed innovation as well as the increasing demands of consumers requires Cyclermate to change and improve every day. Firstly, living standard of clients can affect to their choices. The higher income distribution they get, the higher demands they require. For example rich people want to ride an expansive and showy retro bicycle, but another client with medium wages just want to ride a nice quality bicycle. This point makes Cycler mate to diversify their price which is suitable for everyone in this communication. Besides price, design and color could be elements would make people to buy Cyclermate bicycle. The variation in design as well as color will attract children and teenager and give clients more options. Moreover, helpful accessories and functions are also important things that will affect to the survival of Cyclermate. A useful bicycle which is light and keep money in or save space in house will be the best choice for everyone. In addition, a friendly-environment Cyclerma te bicycle will be more popular and keep up with the friendly-environment trend in the world. D. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS In parallel of development of economics, high technology involves specifically the Internet. The Internet is used worldwide and it becomes a necessary tool for many customers to order online. It is extremely convenient and quick to book or order in the Internet instead of calling or going directly to offices. Cyclermate Ltd is using the oldest way to  advertise their products by posting advertisement in traditional newspapers. It has limited their goods to the customers. Instead, this company can set up its own website. They can post products, events, activities of company in to that page in order to customers following easily. Facebook is the possible choice of any entrepreneurs, because the customers can catch the new trend in this page. Moreover, the Internet is the cheapest method for advertising. More and more clients require high quality of products. Therefore motivation or investment money on modern manufacturing system is extremely important. It reflects not only the assura nce about quality but also confirm the level position of company. With high level and the most modern machinery, the company will surely create trust to customers. 3. Financial Ratios Analysis A. THE DIFFICULTIES: Liquidity and debt ratios: †¢ Current ratio = Current assets/Current liabilities =0.85 †¢ Quick ratio = (Current assets – Inventories) / Current liabilities = 0.76 †¢ Debt ratio = Total debt / Total assets = 0.38 By analyzing the financial ratios, it is easy to recognize that the quick ratio is less than one, which means the chance that the company can pay off its debt by using most liquid assets is quite low. Besides, it shows that the majority of inventories are stored and not effectively managed, that is why current ratio is at such high level, which also means low sales and low revenue gained. Moreover, the company relies on the bank loan as the main monetary support. B. SOLUTIONS: First of all, there is one obvious answer to the financial difficulty is that Cyclemate Ltd can lease or mortgage their freehold land costing $160,000 to gain more money and solve the situation right away. Therefore, it can prove their strength to survive in the future so the company gain more trust from the bank for future investment. Secondly, the company is in severe lack of cash (only $675 left) so of course any borrowing loan from the bank could easily turned down. The solution to this issue is that they should strictly resolve and for the trade debtors to repay the loans as soon as possible. The amount of $200,571 would help the financial situation better in the  coming time. Once their assets are raised through and their liquidity are proved to be valuable enough to afford the loan, it will be beneficial for them to borrow money from the banks. Additionally, cost in selling and distribution could be possible declined to save more money for the company such as cutting cost for postage and courier charges by substituting by cheaper service, as well as the travelling and hospitality. Those indirect costs contribute such high cost to the manufacturing of the cycles, restricting them would help boost the sales with cheaper price. Last but not least, the aging workforce is also another worry. If we can lay off some workers and hire cheaper labor for cleaning and other odd activities, it could save money for paying wages. In the meantime, experienced workers still remain the same with appropriate amount of salary; no necessary change should be applied. 4. Manufacturing procedure and improvements A. IMPROPER WORKFORCE IN MANUFACTURING: Unreasonable workforce division is one of the most serious problems of Cyclermate Ltd. Besides, lack of experienced employees and the aging workforce are worrying the production process and raising a big question for a more effective training system. First of all, the inappropriate division of duties obviously had made such a burden on many workers. In particular, Dai Armstrong has to deal with many tasks such as making all the frames, factory manager and business director at the same time. He himself also finds it hard to keep up the level of production (approximately 8 frames/day) because it requires the harsh physical demands. Moreover, assembly is a complex process, which takes 2 or 3 hours for one person. Janice Jones and Ffred Gregory often have to work overtime to catch up with the progress. As a result, their health and time issue could be heavily damaged. Also, packaging is not responsibility of certain worker, anyone who has spare time can do that. If nobody has to complete their own part, without any time to do this, the packaging won’t be accomplished on time. ↠ A good answer for this problem is that the company should require clear division to who is able to undertake and separate arrangement of duties. Specifically, assigning other qualified person on frame-making position so that Mr. Dai could concentrate and dedicate himself to external relations business only. Assuming that the financial situation of the company gets  better, the company should consider hiring more experienced labor for assemble line and frame-making because Mr Dai can no longer put up with the physical requirement of the task. With those simple tasks like packaging, it is acceptable for free hand employees to help out, but only when they finished all their tasks. Besides, the fact that workforce is getting older is also causing big troubles for the company because the manufacturing requires adaptation to changes and new demands every single day. Meanwhile, some workers are close to retired age. For example, Idris Pugh undertakes wheel manufacture; however, he is now in his seventies. Therefore, low efficiency always appears in the factory even Idris is a perfectionist, whose wheels are always absolutely true, and never causing any complaints ↠ In this case, the company can consider employ cheaper labor that are suggested by Maldwyn Jones: Chinese or Taiwanese labor to make the machine for them- much better quality but half the price and move Idris Pugh to higher position as a supervisor for the whole wheel-making process. Last but not least, the training system creates such obstacles for the assembly process. Typically, Fred, who is 18 years old, is a new and un-experienced person, the training for him is necessary, however, not easy at all. It takes so much time to instruct Fred in traditional way which is apparently the cause of slow production recently. ↠ In order to solve it, Fred needs to be on-the-job trained and separately from working hours. Perhaps letting Idris Pugh to be a trainer for Fred is the best measure to take because with such experience, he can taught Fred who is 18 years old and save time for others people focus on completing their own tasks. By doing this, assembly area could be worked with maximum speed and capacity without interruption. Production activity can maintain its working pace.

Abuse of Power Reflected in the Politics and Drama of Ancient Greece Es

Individual Abuse of Power Reflected in the Politics and Drama of Ancient Greece The Greeks believed that too much power entrusted in one person was dangerous. They were the first democratic society in a tumultuous world of kings and emperors, and they were proud of their ideology. Considering their fervent belief in rule by many, its not surprising that many Greek dramas revolve around an individual hero or a king's fall from power because of pride or some other personality flaw. Well-known characters in some of the greatest Greek tragedians' plays illustrate this idea. In Aeschylus's Agamemnon, the title character is a returning king who behaves arrogantly and thoughtlessly. He is murdered by his wife and his kingdom falls apart. Sophocles's character Oedipus ends up killing his father, losing his kingdom and his wife and mother, and becoming a blind, wandering outcast for the rest of his life. Jason in Euripides's Medea deserts his family for a new marriage which he hopes will further his station, but his old wife kills his new wife and his children, ending hi s hopes for a shining future. The evolving theme of an individual's weakness and subsequent downfall supports the Greek's democratic system, where no individual becomes too powerful. Agamemnon is a great warrior, but not a great family man. On his way to the Trojan war, he sacrificed his daughter to the gods so that his ships would be able to arrive safely and swiftly. This is an especially rotten thing to do because the war is being waged to reclaim just one woman, Helen. It is hard to justify killing one’s own daughter so that somebody else can get his wife back. However, war is what he is good at, and if he didn’t sacrifice his daughter he would be letting down ... ...ach fall from their power into death or despair. They had become too powerful, too arrogant, and too ambitious, and so the gods cut them down. This pattern of kings falling from power because of weaknesses and character flaws is very common in Greek dramas. The Greeks were proud of their democratic system, and their dramas reflected their belief that their society, ruled jointly by representatives of the people, was best in a world full of unstable and dangerous monarchies. The gods despise men who rise too high and seek to become too great. So do the Greeks. Works Cited Aeschylus. Agamemnon. Greek Tragedy. Eds. A. Cook and E. Dolin. Dallas: Spring Publishing, Inc., 1992. Euripedes; Medea; Trans. Rex Warner. The Harcourt Brace Anthology of Drama: Third Edition. Orlando: Harcourt, 2000. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991.

Darkness at Noon

The author shares his experienced tales to grasp the concentration to the preconceived ideas and wrong conclusions of people like people believe that if someone is blind, he could not even hear, speak and hardest part he or she cannot work. The author has got very challenging education and employment despite these difficulties related to their backgrounds and the perception created by the society. The author in his story takes a simple format of telling the society about their society's wrong conclusion about the disable people.But as other stories have some lessons, so this it has, the best lesson that delivers from this is the light of hope that author has in his heart, mind and soul. In this part, the author is very polite and kind and gives message to others that these hardships will not underestimate his hopes and courage. A fable for Tomorrow In the essay â€Å"A Fable for Tomorrow†, Rachel Carson Illustrates a small town in America that was once beautiful but then becam e devastated by exploitation of its resources. Carson states â€Å"this town does not actually exist, but it might easily have a thousand counterparts in America and elsewhere in the world. Carson is one of the pivotal people in the environmental movement of the 1 sass who emphasized that the art was a place to be respected, not destroyed by human greed and activities. This Is the thesis of her essay. The author uses very poetic language to describe the natural beauty of this small American town. She describes the farmland, the roadsides, the forest, and the rivers. Her language creates feelings of nostalgia and an appreciation for the natural world. The town feels like anyplace in the country that someone has visited or lived-the writing Is very personable to the reader.Carson Illustrates a place where all life seemed to live In harmony with Its surroundings. The second half of the essay has a very different tone and feeling about it. Suddenly, a mood of darkness creates a curtain around the town, masking the reader from the once natural beauty that was described before. Carson begins to illustrate how the town became devastated by the loss of its inhabitants to sudden sickness and disease. The farms suffered a loss of crops and animals, all the fish began to die In One of Carbon's main mandates was to warn people against the use of harmful pesticides and the effects of pollution on the environment.The devastation in this essay alludes to the use of pesticides and the pollution that they caused in this small town in America. The deaths within the human, plant, and animal worlds in this small town are not an uncommon situation in many parts of America and the world. Although not all places experience the same amount of devastation as described in this essay, many small towns have been greatly affected by the harmful use of pesticides on their crops. This essay is a very powerful response to human irresponsibility within the environment.

Carbon Dioxide and Industrialization Modernization

Martin Aldrin de La CruzENGLCOM1 EH1 Argumentative Essay: Industrialization Modernization is the conversion of rural areas in to urban or secular areas. Modernization is linked to other words like urbanization and industrialization. I will talk about industrialization. Industrialization is the conversion of agricultural into a base of manufacturing, buildings, and villages. Industrialization started in the 18th century where countries like Greece, Netherlands, and England used slavery to build structures in the agrarian areas.Many countries chose to industrialize to make their country powerful in terms of technology, transportation, education, and economy. Industrialization affects our economy in many ways. First, the construction of new buildings increases the value of the country. Since there are new buildings or enterprises, it opens jobs for people. Increasing the number of employed people in the labor force means increase in the economy. Although industrialization can make our c ountry's economy globally-competitive, it must be stopped because it destroys our body, harms the animals, and causes disturbance to the society.Industrialization can ruin our bodies. There are several bad effects of industrialization and one of these is giving us insufficient food supply. Since our rural areas have been converted to business enterprises, we need to expect that we have less food supply such as rice, vegetables, and other fruits. According to the leading conservation organization, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 90 percent of the 1. 2 billion people living in extreme poverty worldwide depend on forests for their livelihoods. It is bad for the people living there to starve to death.Moreover, our bodies will be prone to illness since there is more pollution brought by the new structures. According to National Geographic, trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. Fewer forests mean larger amounts of greenhouse gases enteri ng the atmosphere—and increased speed and severity of global warming. The trees that were cut down are supposed to be the things that will get the carbon dioxides and other chemicals brought out by factories. It is harmful for our body to take in the chemicals instead of the trees that should be taking it in.As what I have noted, industrialization can also harm the animals around us. According to TNC, forests are home of one half of the animals worldwide. I can not imagine a life having no shelter. Definitely, all of the animals that live in the forest also feed themselves from the resources there. Trees also prevent flash floods in our places. The roots in the trees sap the water from the rain. Thus, it prevents flash floods. If they are all cut down, we will suffer more and the animals can also suffer. In addition, the U. N. Food and Agriculture Organization said that industrialization contributes approximately 6. billion tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere annually, a s of 2011. Many animals will be affected by this pollution especially the marine life. Industrialization is not all just about pollution and killing, it is also causes disturbance to the society. According to TNC, there were approximately 6 million indigenous people living in the Brazilian Amazon. But as the forests disappeared, so too did the people. In the early 1900s, there were less than 250,000 indigenous people living in the Amazon. We know that there are indigenous people living in the rural areas. We should also help them preserve their lifestyle.It is also a nuisance because people working there risk their lives in going to such places. We know that there are rebels in such places especially in the country of Philippines. The rebels attack whenever they want. Although industrialization can make our economy globally-competitive and can bring glory to our countries, I can not bear the calamities that it can bring to us. Industrialization must be stopped because of these thing s. I believe that there are still other ways to make us competitive. We need to live simple in our ways and we can also innovative without destroying our planet.

French Expressions and Words - Idiomatic Expressions

French Expressions and Words - Idiomatic Expressions There are dozens of expressions in English which contain the word French, but are these things actually French? Take a look at this list with the French equivalents and the literal translations - you might be surprised.Where possible, definitions for these terms have been provided. To french1. (cooking) to cut into thin strips, to trim fat (unknown translation)2. (kissing) see French kiss, below   French bean: le haricot vert green bean French bed: le lit en portefeuille bed that is wider than a twin bed but narrower than a double bed French blue: bleu franà §ais dark azure color French boxing: la boxe franà §aise French braid: la tresse franà §aise (hair style) French plait in UK French bread: la baguette French bulldog: le bouledogue franà §ais French cap: la bague chapeau single spindle wood molding machine French casement: la fenà ªtre deux battants French chalk: la craie de tailleur literally, tailors chalk French chop (cuisine) chop with the meat and fat trimmed from the end (unknown translation(juggling) tomahawk jetà © de lautre cà ´tà © de la tà ªte French cleaners: le nettoyage sec literally, dry cleaning French clock: (unknown translation) elaborately decorated French clock from the 18th century French cricket: (unknown translation) informal type of cricket without stumps in which the batsman is out if the ball hits his/her legs French cuff: le poignet mousquetaire literally, musketeers cuff French curtain: le rideau la franà §aise French curve: le pistolet literally, pistol French custard ice cream: la glace aux Å“ufs French cut underwear: sous-và ªtements la franà §aise (lingerie) high-waisted styleFrench dip sandwich: un sandwich  « French dip  » beef sandwich dipped into beef juice (called au jus) French disease: la maladie anglaise literally, English disease. An old-fashioned term in both languages to refer to syphilis. French door: la porte-fenà ªtreliterally, window-door French drain: la pierrà ©e, le drain de pierres sà ¨ches French dressing: la vinaigrette Only in England does French dressing mean vinaigrette. In the US, French dressing refers to a sweet, tomato-based salad dressing that does not, as far as I know, exist in France. French endive: la chicorà ©e de Bruxelles, chicorà ©e witloof French eye needle - une aiguille double chas French fly: une braguette bouton de rappel hidden button inside fly of mens pants French fry: la (pomme de terre) frite literally, fried potato. Note that French fries are actually Belgian To French-fry: frire la friteuse literally, to fry in the fryer French harp: un harmonica This term is used in the southern US to refer to an instrument made of metal or glass strips attached to a frame and struck with a hammer.French heel: le talon franà §ais (womens shoes) a curved, high heel French hen (unknown translation) In the song 12 Days of Christmas French horn: le cor dharmonie literally, horn of harmonie French ice cream: see French custard ice cream, above French kiss:noun: un baiser avec la langue, un baiser profond, un baiser torrideverb: galocher, embrasser avec la langue French knickers: la culotte-caleà §on French knitting: le tricotin also called spool knitting French knot: le point de nÅ“ud literally, knot point French lavender: la lavande toupet To take French leave: filer langlaise (informal) literally, to split/take off the English way French lentils: les lentilles du Puy literally, lentils from (the French town of) Puy French letter: la capote anglaise (informal) literally, English condomFrench maid: la femme de chambre chambermaid French manicure: le French manucure American-invented style of manicure, with light pink polish on the nail and white polish underneath French marigold: un Å“illet dInde literally, Indian carnation French mustard: la moutarde douce literally, sweet mustard French onion dip (unknown translation) vegetable dip made from sour cream, onion, and herbs French onion rings: rondelles doignon French onion soup: la soupe loignon onion soup (topped with cheese and broiled)French pancake: une crà ªpe In English, this is also sometimes known as a crepe. ï » ¿French pastry: la pà ¢tisserie pastry French pleat: le pli pincà © a pleat at the top of a curtain consisting of three smaller pleats French polish: le vernis au tampon shellac diluted with alcohol and used to produce a high gloss on wood French poodle: un caniche literally, poodle French press: une cafetià ¨re literally, coffee maker French provincial (unknown translation) (architecture, furniture) style characteristic of the French provinces in the 17th and 18th centuries French roast coffee: le cafà © mà ©lange franà §ais literally, French blend coffee French roll: un chignon banane literally, banana bun French roof: un toit la mansarde literally, Mansard roof French saddle: une selle franà §aise breed of horse French seam: la couture anglaise literally, English sewing French silk pie (unknown translation) pie with a chocolate mousse or pudding filling and whipped cream topping French skipping (unknown translation) also known as Chinese skipping, Chinese jump rope, and elastics. French stick: une baguette French telephone: un appareil combinà © telephone with the receiver and transmitter as a single piece French toast: le pain perdu literally, lost bread French trotter: un trotteur franà §ais breed of horse French twist: le chignon bun French vanilla: la vanille bourbonliterally, (the French town of) Bourbon vanillaFrench vermouth: le vermouthdry vermouthFrench window: la porte-fenà ªtre literally, window-doorPardon my French: Passez-moi lexpression. ï » ¿Allow me the expression.

Business Plan And Marketing For Aroma Boutique Marketing Essay

Business Plan And Marketing For Aroma Boutique Marketing Essay The Aroma Boutique’s mission will be contributing holistic therapy treatment to health care professionals in and around the Paphos area in Cyprus. The therapeutic company will originally provide are Aromatherapy and Reflexology treatments. The Aroma Boutique will present a professional image and manner when carrying out a Complementary and Alternative treatments. Everything we do is interconnected to all the parts of our lives. The Aroma Boutique responsibility is that when treating a patient or client, we are entering a relationship with her and we want to make and keep this a positive one. (V. Pitman and K. Mackenzie, 2002). This small business includes a health care professional who provides healing process to restore health using reflexology technique and essential oils. Our higher goals are health and safety. We support the patient to be more open to their possibility of change and give them staying power and courage to see the healing process through to its conclusion. The name of the company is ‘Aroma Boutique’ which has been checked and no other business is present with the same name in Cyprus. The Aroma Boutique will be awaited to generate _________ per annum of business income. The specific treatments will be priced at an average of  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­____ for an hour and a half with consultation form and aftercare advice. The business income is based on 10-20 clients a week, operating for 44 weeks of a year. The amount of money will achieve to make a profitable and independent company. The workforce will comprehend of only one person and they will operate as a sole-trader from a privately residence hotel. Business Opportunity Theodora Polydorou will open the small company with the name ‘Aroma Boutique’ in Paphos, Cyprus. Theodora will begin trading in September 2013 and will propound service which supply Complementary and Alternative treatment such as Aromatherapy and Reflexology. This new and small business started by a cu rrently qualified graduate with a BSc Complementary Therapy (Aromatherapy and Reflexology). This business will trade from a privately residence hotel with specific treatment room. Moreover, some health professionals commented that their jobs are very stressful. Many professionals’ experiences burn-out at some point, and some health professionals find it unbearable, prompting them to leave clinical medicine for a non-clinical career, or perhaps even leave the healthcare industry altogether (www.healthcareersabout.com ). Considerable research has been devoted to job stress among different groups of health professionals. Mean stress scores on the HPSI were significantly different for all three professions, with nurses reporting the greatest level of stress. Frequency of exposure to individual stressful job situations also differed significantly among the professional groups (Behavioral Medicine, 1988). However, many health professionals have provided numerous ideas for relieving stress and preventing burn-out. All registered practitioners must be assured of the relevance and accountability of the therapy which they are using. On the subject of Accountability the UKCC Guidelines for Professional Practice in 1996 (p.8) state: ‘Accountability is an integral part of professional practice, as in the course of practice’. The service supply by Aroma Boutique will advantage clients by relief stress level and improve the condition of the mind giving some effect to the behavior of a person.

Unknown and Undiluted Titration Date Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Unknown and Undiluted Titration Date - Essay Example Furthermore, the concentration of Cca2+ is again subtracted from all the total concentration, in addition, the Mg2+ concentration is 0.0227+-0.005M after calculation. After Na2H2EDTA.2H2O is prepared and goes in contamination by water in 0.3 percentage the standard solution has to be corrected. Here below are the equations that analyses and further determines the EDTA solution concentration. Mass without impurity is the mass corrected and the mass actual is the dried chelating agent; EDTA concentration bears the name as CEDTA; the initial MW represents molecular weight, and the volume of the solution (500 ml) is V solution. Propagation of the errors calculates the uncertainty. The balance of uncertainty is +- 0.0001g and that of volumetric flask’s uncertainty is +-0.15 ml. the standard relative deviation is initialized by SRD. Calculation of results is in tabulation in the table. Results show that both relative derivation volume and relative derivation balance is +-0.0003.Moreso, after calculating using the values above EDTA concentration solution is 0.0018+-0.0004M. 1.00ml Ca/Mg solution in the spike is contained in the blank titration, Ph 10 buffer solution, water in conjunction with the indicator. From all the titration, the data in trial one from all the titrations undergoes nullification due to it being carried out hastily. Additional of 1.00ml in dilution of the unknown sample to the blank titration is put in a performance. The equation below is used to calculate V total: Both the standard deviation and the mean of part one and part two titrations are as follows and in illustration in table 4.Concentration of Mg2+ and Ca2+ can be identified from the values in the unknown sample.  

Interpretation and analysis of a child's development Case Study

Interpretation and analysis of a child's development - Case Study Example tion seem to be improving because she is better at putting together simple puzzles and drawing shapes; however, she is yet to improve on the coordination with pouring liquids because some spills. Lily is able to hold crayons with her fingers rather than her fist; besides, she is able to dress and undress with little help. Lily is much nimble because at this stage in her development she is able to handle small objects, use age-appropriate scissors and draw a person with at least four body parts that are essentially a face two stick legs and arms (Educator observation notes, 2013; Educator Video recording, 2013; Educator audio recording, 2013). Cognitive development At her age, Lily is able to communicate clearly in sentence of 5 to 6 words or even in complete sentences and even tell stories. Lily is able to ask many questions and she is even able to correctly name familiar colours, understand the concept of different and count and comprehend the concept of counting. She has a vocabula ry of several words, acts out social encounters in play activities, she understands her name and gender and she is able to share and engage in cooperative play. She is imaginative and talks to the toys and imitates what she sees around her, she begins to make friends outside her immediate family because she is able to communicate with playmates; hence, she shows enjoyment in engaging in such activities. Through her associative play, she begins to share with other children and playing with Alfie who is her age mate helps in establishing socialization skills. Cognitive learning in Lily involves not only learning the alphabet and counting but also absorbing information, asking questions, processing and understanding. Lily has a good grasp of language and can say and understand hundreds of... In the study, Lily is able to speak and be understood at least half the time and she is capable of carrying out a conversation of 2-3 sentences. The video of the water play shows that the girl is anxious to learn new things, full of enthusiasm and energy and does things alone. This assessment of Lily aims at assessing her physical development, cognitive development and social and emotional developmental with regard to development theory, milestones and curriculum documents in the area. Moreover, the assessment also offers recommendations for the identified needs of the child in focus based on the various ways educators can help in enhancing effective brain development in children. The child can learn about herself and construct her identity within the context of the family and community, which correlates with Vygotsky’s theory. This involves her relationship with people, places and things as well as actions and responses of others because identity is never fixed but shaped by experiences. When the child has positive experiences she is able to develop the understanding that she is significant and respected and develops a sense of belonging. In early childhood, a child develops a common sense of fitting in when she feels acknowledged, creates attachments and trusts individuals who care for her, which is in line with Bandura’s socio-economic theory.

Brighter Cleaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brighter Cleaning - Essay Example y dynamic, comprising of factors that keep changing, for instance, customers’ tastes and preferences are never static, they keep changing in the face of technological advancements. In the same way, it is important that marketing strategies also keep changing in order to remain relevant and effective in the changing business environment. The name of my company is a Brighter Cleaning Company, which is located in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The company has 100 employees and over 10 years experience. The number of employees and experience puts the Brighter Cleaning Company in a position to handle any size of customers. Brighter Cleaning Company main focus is supplying cleaning products to the businesses around. The company offers products to some parts of Ohio: Defiance, Bryan, Plymouth, Peru, Lima, Napoleon, Celina and Coldwater. Other areas that the company’s products have gained popularity are: Auburn, Anderson, Angola Bluffton and Fort Wayne just to name a few. The Brighter Cleaning Company offers janitorial equipment and cleaning solutions products for furniture and floors. The cleaning products and janitorial equipment help in keeping the work places clean and free from germs. The products can be categorized into three major areas: equipment, paper products and cleaning chemicals. The specific products include brooms, brushes, dustpans, chemicals, dust mops, dusters and cleaning pads. Additional products are floor and furniture care, janitorial carts, paper products, rags and wipes. The Brighter Cleaning Company also offers receptacles, personal care, trash bags, liners, recycling equipments and replacement parts. The company’s mission statement is stated as; to become the leading provider of reliable and efficient cleaning services that leaves the workplace and other environment sparkling clean, free from germs and disease causing micro-organisms, as well as other health hazards. In achieving this mission, the company has so far identified janitorial

The Work Of Saul Bass Film Studies Essay

The Work Of Saul Bass Film Studies Essay Moving and animated sequence titles are common to us nowdays. When we go to the cinema, play DVD or watch a movie in TV, we always know that there will be some. But what we do not usually know is who stands behind this mini-genre. No doubt, the man who is responsible for invinting the opening credit sequences as a free-standing movie-before-a-movie (Thomas, 1996) is Saul Bass, an American graphic designer and director. This essay will decribe his life and his most important outputs. Saul Bass was born on eighth May in 1920. As a kid, he was growing up in Bronx in New York. (Thomas, 1996; Brown, 2002) After graduating from high school, he studied Graphic Art at Brooklin College. Afterwards, he left New York for Hollywood and moved to Los Angeles. (Nourmand, 2000; Thomas, 1996) Initially, he was producing print work for film ads. For instance he created posters The Moon is Blue or Love in the Afternoon. In 1954, Otto Preminger approched Saul Bass and asked him to create a poster for his movie Carmen Jones . Saul Bass designed the poster with a strinkingly simple flaming black and red rose. (Nourmand, 2000). Otto Preminger liked Bass s work so much and decided to collaborated with him on the title sequence as well. (Brown, 2002) This was an important moment of Saul Bass s career. He recognised that graphic design and film design are closely related. Movie s first moments are very important and they create identification for movies. Otto Preminger liked Bass s seque nce title and therefore, one year later (1995), he called him on again to create a visual identity for The Man with the Golden Arm which experienced a great success. (Lamster, 2000, 129) Working on this project, Saul Bass got an idea of the title sequence which would be moving. He created the famous jagged arm design, suggesting the jarring and disjoined existence of drug addict (Nourmand, 2000) Usually titles named only movie, artists, director etc. Suddendly, it turned into an animamated event. Afterwards, Bass said (Lamster, 2000, 130): there was a time when titles were very interesting, going back to the early 1930s or even the late 1920s. Then it bogged down and became bad lettering produced by firms that ground out titles. What I did was reinvent the whole notion of using a title to create a little atmosphere. The idea of titling movies through animation became a classic mini-genre (Thomas, 1996). It influenced many artists and Bass s film-within-a-film (Neef et al., 2006, 166) became very popular. Not only Otto Preminger saw Saul Bass s potencial, Alfred Hitchcock asked him to design stuff for his movies as well. (Nourmand, 2000) Titles for Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959) and Psycho (1960) were all created by Saul Bass. (Kolner, 2004, 104; Thomas, 1996; Nourmand, 2000) Saul Bass s sequence titles spoke to the audience in a familiar language (Brown, 2002) Neverthless, it always reflected the true complexity of the movie and drew out the most important features of the other s work. (Woloski, 2005) In Vertigo, Bass summates Scorie Ferguson s descent into an obsessive hell with the austere and hypnotic image of a spiral (Woloski, 2005) and Bass s title sequence for Psycho was created by linear movement of the black-and-white, horizontal lines, the more phallic orientation of Psycho s particular brand of violence (Kolner, 2004, 108) In Bass s titles for Hitchcock, he presented the director as a star and as an attraction, which made the hidden presence of Hitchcock even more felt. (Neef et al, 2006, 173-174). Regarding Psycho, Saul Bass collaborated with Hitchcock as a directors as well. He drew some sketches for the Psycho s scenes (Kolner, 2004, 17-24). Moreover, Psycho s title music which was composed by Hermann was actually inspired by the Saul Bass s animation. (Tonks, 2001). Saul Bass s techniques were various. He employed visual imagery, hand-drawn type, pictographs, construction paper shapes, cotoun animation, montage, music and many others. Moreover, he used colors and movements precisely and very effectively (Taylor, 2005; Haskett, 2005, 64) With his title sequences which we can describe as a visual references, he developed a new part of the modern business and commercial world . (Brown, 2002) Therefore, he won sich a wide accleim that he was sometimes called the Picasso of commercial artists . (Thomas, 1996) Furthermore, Saul Bass worked also as a director. To his movies belong The Searching Eye (1964), From Here to There (1964), Grand Prix (1966) and probably the most popular one called Why Man Creates (1968) (Lamster; 2000, 134; Taylor, 2005). In 1968, the short movie Why Man Creates was awarded as a Oscar-winning short film. (Lamster, 2000, 134; Thomas, 1996) Besides creating design for movie and directing movies by his own, he was a very a famous graphic designer of logotypes. He devised trademarks and corporate identifications for firms such as ATT, United Airlines, Bell System, Minolta, Quker Oats, Warner Communications, General Food and many others (Haskett, 2005, 64; Thomas, 1996; Economist Books, 2003, 117). We can claim he was a corporate identities genius. His trademarks were extraordinary, clean, legible, readable and symbolic. In the 1960s he created logotyped for lot of the biggest American companies. (Nourmand, 2000) Regarding his personal life. He was married twice. First marriage ended by diverce. His second wife, Elaine Makatura was initially the first employee of his own studio (Thomas, 1996) This versatil and innovative graphic designer died at the age of 75 at Cedars-Sinai Medal Center in Los Angles. According to family, he died on non-Hodgkins lymphoma (Thomas, 1996; Taylor, 2005; Nourmand, 2000) Saul Bass s reputation as a designer of film is legendary. He has left his incredible signature on a number of pictures by Preminger, Hitchcock, Kurbick, Wyler among others. (Need, 2006, 166-168) We remeber his handwriting from title sequences for The Man with the Golden Arm , Psycho or for example from his Academy Award-winning short movie Why Man Creates. His output is so broad and large. He created many posters, title sequences, movies, visual identities, corporate logos etc. He brought a new innovative thinking and working to Hollywood. His innovation created an army of imitators, many of whom have carried his ideas beyond his original conception. (Thomas, 1996). Such was an impact of his work that his style became alsmost a clich of the mid-fifties through the sixties because of how often they were imitated. (Lamster, 2000, 133). In my opinion, the work of Saul Bass contributed to the modern art very significantly and left behind a great heritage not only for design but also for movies. His ideas and new style of creating posters and titles brought to the art industry a new broader dimension. He definitely influenced the contemporary art.

Hawthornes Brilliant Mind Essay -- Literary Analysis

Whenever reading a short story or novel, sometimes many questions pop into the mind wanting to know why the author writes in that particular fashion. In each circumstance, every author has a motivation that fuels them into their writing styles. For Nathaniel Hawthorne, influences came from every direction. Born from a puritan father, Hawthorne was always taught that god was the number one priority in his life. That he should always follow the rules and live without guilt or sin. When his father died at age 4, Hawthorne became increasingly interested in literature and was inspired by Spenser, Bunyan, and Shakespeare (Pennel 2). These authors had a significant influence on Hawthorne’s style as a writer (Pennel 2). For his Puritan heritage and his personal experiences influenced Hawthorne in his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† and his novels The Scarlett Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. One of the biggest influences of Hawthorne’s writing was his Puritan heritage. During the late 16th and 17th century, a group of people sought to â€Å"purify† the Church of England of remnants of The Roman Catholic â€Å"popery† left over from Queen Elizabeth’s I reign (Encyclopedia Britannica). The puritan people believed that one must be in convention with god in order to redeem one from one’s sinful condition. Later this reformation was an essential building block when founding colonies in America and establishing the Puritan way of life. Hawthorne’s great-great-grandfather father, John Hathorne was a Puritan and was one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay colony in the 1630s (Pennel 2). So for Nathaniel Hawthorne, his Puritan heritage can be traced back to one most important people to have settled in America and establish his influence t... ...l about his interesting life. Works Cited Marks, Patricia. â€Å"Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition† Salem Press: p1-10. Literary Reference Center,. Web 8 May 2012 "Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)." Short Story Criticism. Ed. Sheila Fitzgerald. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale Research, 1989. 152-197. Literature Criticism Online. Gale. Glendale Community College. Web 8 May 2012 Pennell, Mellissa McFarland. Student Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999. Print Pfister, Joel. The Production of Personal Life. Class, Gender, & the Psychological in Hawthorne’s Fiction. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991. Print "Puritanism". Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 08 May. 2012 Terence, Martin. Nathaniel Hawthorn. Revised Edition. Boston: Twayne Publishers. 1983. Print

Creatinine Lab

Title: Creatinine Assay Aim: To determine the creatinine clearance of a selected undiluted urine samples by graphical extrapolation from a creatinine curve. Materials and Apparatus: University of the West Indies: Department of Basic Medical Sciences Laboratory Manual: BC35A, Creatinine Assay, pages 6-8, 2012 Changes to the Method: The experiment utilized one undiluted urine samples for concentration determination instead of five aliquots of twenty four hour urine samples.The urine sample and standard creatinine solutions were analyzed spectrophotometrically approximately five minutes after they were made up instead of using the allotted time interval (minutes) as suggested by the laboratory manual. Results: Please see attachments. Discussion Creatinine is a chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism. It is an anhydride of creatine, the end product of phosphocreatine metabolism; measurements of its rate of urinary excretion are used as diagnostic indicators of ki dney function and muscle mass. The experiment utilized serum creatinine.Creatinine is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys (glomerular filtration). There is little tubular reabsorption of creatinine. If the filtering of the kidney is deficient, creatinine blood levels rise. Therefore, creatinine levels in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR is clinically important because it is a measurement of renal function . A more complete estimation of renal function can be made when interpreting the blood (plasma) concentration of creatinine along with that of urea.BUN-to-creatinine ratio (the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine) can indicate other problems besides those intrinsic to the kidney; for example, a urea level raised out of proportion to the creatinine may indicate a pre-renal problem such as volume depletion. The typical human reference ranges for serum creatinine are 0. 5 to 1. 0 mg/dl (about 45-90 ? mol/l) for women and 0. 7 to 1. 2 mg/dl (60-110 ? mol/L) for men. While a baseline serum creatinine of 2. 0 mg/dl (150 ? mol/l) may indicate normal kidney function in a male body builder.The experimental creatinine levels obtained for the undiluted sample of creatinine is ____________, the values obtained are significantly higher than the normal creatinine values for a healthy male or female. Factors that may contribute to the elevated levels of serum creatinine may include; a disorder of the kidneys and impaired renal function. These disorders include glomerulonephritis characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels in the kidneys, bacterial infection of the kidneys or pyelonephritis and acute tubular necrosis, or cell death in the kidneys' small tubes caused by toxic substances.Obstruction of the urinary tract, such as with prostate disease or kidney stones, can also cause impaired kidney function and lead to elevated creatinine levels. Increased muscle ma ss indicates increased creatine phosphate, which translates to increased creatinine levels in the blood. Acromegaly and gigantism are disorders caused by abnormality of the pituitary gland and can be associated with increased muscle mass also the ingestion of steroidal substances that stimulates an increase in muscle mass.When medical conditions affect normal blood flow to the kidneys, renal function becomes impaired thus increasing creatinine levels in the blood. Shock, or a sudden critical drop in blood flow to the body, compromises renal status because the kidneys are not being nourished. Dehydration causes reduced renal blood flow, as well. In people with congestive heart failure, the heart is not adequately pumping blood towards the kidneys and other organs. Atherosclerosis, or narrowing of the arteries, and diabetic nephropathy are other conditions that reduce blood flow to the kidneys.Precautions/Sources of Error: 1. The experiment utilize spectrophotometric machines that are susceptible to light interfence from the external environment and interference from glassware that is not properly cleaned, this may cause inaccurate readings. 2. Contamination of serum standard solutions of creatinine may give inaccurate readings when using the spectrophotometric machines, hence contamination should be prevented by using clean glassware and wearing all the protected clothing that is applicable. Questions a) Factors that may contribute to varying creatinine levels include: (1)The most common abnormality in a creatinine blood level is a change in kidney function. The kidneys are composed of around a million filters for each kidney, called nephrons. Each of these nephrons contains tubular structures that accomplish the filtering of waste materials and the re-absorption of necessary materials in the blood that passed through the nephrons. Most creatinine is normally filtered out along two structures called the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule, maintaining the low levels of creatinine in the blood.A rise in creatinine blood levels indicates that this filtration is not taking place, suggesting there is a problem with kidney function. (2) Creatinine levels can be affected by transient or non-disease factors that are not kidney malfunction. Bodybuilders, because of the excess of muscular tissue that creates creatinine, will typically have high levels of creatinine. Severe dehydration will cause higher than normal creatinine. Eating a great deal of meat just hours before blood is drawn can elevate creatinine levels.Some drugs will cause higher than normal creatinine blood levels. These causes are ruled out before a follow up test to determine the cause of elevated creatinine. Low creatinine levels may indicate muscular dystrophy or myasthenia gravis. (3) Preeclampsia is a condition during pregnancy, the cause of which is poorly understood. Elevated creatinine may indicate preeclampsia in pregnant women, especially women on their first pregna ncy. Untreated preeclampsia can lead to eclampsia, a life-threatening seizure disorder.Elevated creatinine in conjunction with swelling of the hands and face is an early sign of preeclampsia. Later signs may include persistent headache, pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, inadequate urination, agitation and nausea. 2b) The amount of creatinine the body produces each day depends on the person's muscle mass: a young, muscular man produces more creatinine than a average non athletic male. Because muscle mass normally changes very little, creatinine is usually produced at about the same rate every day in each person.However, if continuous exercise is performed as in the case of an athlete the muscle employs the creatine phosphate metabolism more often and hence more creatine and creatinine is metabolized which will eventually increase the muscle mass of the individual. Athletes may also ingest creatine which will stimulate the production of creatinine in the body and will c ontribute to an increase in muscle mass. 2c) The blood urea test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function.Urea is a by-product from metabolism of proteins by the liver and is removed from the blood by the kidneys. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Normal human adult blood should contain between 7 to 21 mg of urea nitrogen per 100 ml (7–21 mg/dL) of blood. BUN is an indication of renal health. Normal ranges 2. 5-6. 5mmol/L. If Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and blood volume then BUN will increase. Conclusion The experimental results indicate that there was a elevated serum creatinine level that was above the normal levels.Elevated serum concentration may indicate impaired liver function. The serum creatinine level was found to be ______________. References 1. Delanghe J; De Slypere JP, De Buyzere M, Robbrecht J, Wieme R, Vermeulen A (Aug 1989). â€Å"N ormal reference values for creatine, creatinine, and carnitine are lower in vegetarians†. Retreived October 3, 2012. 2. â€Å"The creatine-creatinine equilibrium. The apparent dissociation constants of creatine and creatinine. Retrieved October 3, 2012. 3. â€Å"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise†. October 3, 2012.